Nutritive and sensory value assessment of smoked dried catfishes from two indigenous markets in Benue state, Nigeria

Chiaaondo Benjamin Ikyo, Chinedu Henry Okoroafor, Umawam Samuel Fanyam

Abstract


Nutritional assessment of processed fish is needed to ensure that such products sold in the local communities are safe for human consumption. Present study aimed at evaluating the nutritional quality of selected catfishes, namely, Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus spp and Synodontis spp from Abinsi and Wadata fish markets in Benue State, Nigeria. Samples of smoked catfish each weighing approximately 500 g were sourced from Abinsi and Wadata fish markets, and packaged using foil paper and polythene bags. The smoked fish samples were analysed to determine organoleptic qualities, proximate and mineral composition. The results of the study revealed a significant (p<0.05) variation in proximate and mineral composition of the three smoked catfishes between the two markets. The percentage moisture content for the three species of catfish ranged from 8.19 ± 0.031 to 10.34 ± 0.035%. Synodontis spp. from Abinsi market had the least moisture content (8.19 ± 0.031%) while Heterobranchus spp. from Wadata market had the highest moisture content (10.34 ± 0.035%). Protein content of the three species ranged from 55.80 ± 0.060 to 68.97 ± 0.125%. C. gariepinus from Wadata market had the highest protein content (68.97 ± 0.125%). The lipid content of the fish ranged from 10.37 ± 0.023 to 22.68 ± 0.035. The most abundant mineral was Potassium (K) and was more abundant in C. gariepinus from Wadata market which had the highest K content (410.15 ± 0.895 mg/100 g). Heterobranchus spp. had the highest Calcium (Ca) content (395.48 ± 0.499 mg/100 g), Sodium (Na) (39.84 ± 0.045 mg/100 g) and Zinc (Zn) (0.80 ± 0.015 mg/100 g) while the highest concentration (12.0 ± 0.093 mg/100 g) of Iron (Fe) was recorded in Synodontis spp. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Fe in the three species across the markets were well above WHO permissible limits of 20-30 ppm, 30-100 ppm and 50-100 ppm respectively. The smoked catfishes retained good scores for taste, appearance, texture, and odour. However, there was significant (p < 0.05) differences in taste, appearance, texture, and odour for Heterobranchus spp., C. gariepinus and Synodontis spp in Abinsi and Wadata markets.

Keywords: Mineral composition, organoleptic qualities, proximate analysis, smoked fish

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adewoye SO, Omotosho JS. 1997. Nutrient composition of some freshwater fishes in Nigeria. Bioscience Research Community 11(4): 333-336.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1999. Toxicological Profile for Lead. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services. 205: 593-606.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 1994.

Ahmed A, Dodo A, Bouba AM, Clement S, Dzudie T. 2010. Determination of Minerals and heavy metals in water, sediments and three fish species (Tilapia nilotica, Silurus glanis and Arius parkii) from Lagdo Lake, Cameroun. Journal of Fisheries International 5(3): 54-57.

doi: 10.3923/jfish.2010.54.57.

Akinwumi FO. 2014. Effects of Smoking and Freezing on the Nutritive Value of African Mud Catfish, Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822. The Journal of Agricultural Science 6(11): 143 – 149.

doi: 10.5539/jas.v6n11p143.

Alasalvar C, Miyashita K, Shahidi F, Wanasundara U. 2011. Handbook of Seafood Quality, Safety and Health Applications page, John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781444347760

Ali A, Amodou D, Mohamadou BA, Saidou C, Tenin D. 2011. Influence of Traditional Drying and Smoke Drying on the Quality of Three fish species (Tilapia niloticus, Silurusglanis sp. and Arisparkii sp.) from Lagdo Lake, Cameroon. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 10(3): 301-306. doi: 10.3923/java.2011.301.306.

AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis (18th Edition). 2010. Association of Official Analytical Chemists International Maryland, U.S.A.

Ekeocha CA, Agbabiaka LA, Amadi SA. 2010. Storage and Organoleptic qualities of Clarias gariepinus smoked with woods from oil been and oil palm trees. Animal Production Research Advances 6(3): 231–233.

Emikpe BOF, Adebisi T, Adedeji OB. 2011. Bacteria load on the skin and stomach of Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis Niloticus from Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria: Public health implications. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research 1(1): 52-59.

Emurotu, J.E., Yahaya, A. and Adegbe, A.A. 2014. Determination Of Some Mineral Elements in Fresh and Smoked Fish of Tilapia (Oreochromis noliticus) and Catfish (Clarius gariepinus) from Ibaji, Kogi State, Nigeria. Scientia Africana 13 (2): 30-35.

EC (European Community) 2005. Commission regulation No 78/2005 (pp: 16/43eLI6/45). Official Journal of European Union [20.1.2005].

Eyo AA. 2000. Fish Processing Technology. National workshop on Fish Processing Storage, Marketing and Utilization Techniques, 1-5.

FAO/WHO. 1989. Evaluation of certain food additives and the contaminants mercury, lead and cadmium. WHO Technical Report Series 505.

FAO 2014. Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security and nutrition, Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization,. 119.

Huong, DTT. 2014. The effect of smoking methods on the quality of smoked Mackerel. United Nations University Fisheries Training Programme, Iceland [final project].

http://www.unuftp.is/static/fellows/document/huong13prf.pdf

Indranesa WM, Hansen LT, Gill TA. 2000. Effect of cold-smoking and drying on the textural properties of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of Aquatic Food. Production Technology 9(1): 47-64. doi: 10.1300/j030v09n0105.

Kumolu-Johnsoh CA, Aladetohun NF, Ndimele PE. 2010. The effects of smoking on the Nutritional Qualities and Shelf-Life of Clarias gariepinus. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(1): 73-76.

Liu K. 2019. Effects of sample size, dry ashing temperature and duration on determination of ash content in algae and other biomass. Agal Research 40: 101486. doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101486.

Mohammed EHA, Osman AR. 2014. Heavy metals concentration in water, muscles, and gills of Oreochromis niloticus collected from the sewage-treated water and the White Nile. International Journal of Aquaculture 4(6):36-42. doi: 10.5376/ija.2014.04.0006.

Mokhtar M. 2009. Assessment level of heavy metals in Penaeus monodon and Oreochromis spp. in selected aquaculture ponds of high densities development area. European Journal of Scientific Research 30(3): 348e60.

Pal M. 2010. Fish hygiene. MSc Lecture Notes. Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. 1-11.

Pal M. 2012. Food spoilage. Ph.D. Lecture Notes. Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Debra Zeit, Ethiopia. l-8.

Polak-Juszczak L, Adamczyk M. 2009. Quality and Amino Acid Composition of Protein of Fish from the Vistula Lagoon. Food. Science Technology Quality 16(3): 75–83.

Polak-Juszczak L, Komar-Szymczak K. 2009. Fatty Acid Profiles and Fat Contents of Commercially Important Fish from Vistula Lagoon. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 59(3): 225–229.

Ogbonna C and Ibrahim MB. 2009. Effect of drying methods on proximate compositions of catfish (Clarias gariepinus). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5(1): 114-116.

Olayemi FF, Adedayo MR, Bamishaiye EI, Awagu EF. 2011. Proximate composition of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) smoked in Nigerian stored products research institute (NSPRI): Developed kiln. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 3 (5): 96 – 98.

Onyia LU, Milam C, Manu JM, Allison DS. 2010. Proximate and mineral composition in some freshwater fishes in upper River Benue, Yola, Nigeria. Continental Journal of Food Science and Technology 4:1–6. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.834679.

Opaluwa OD, Aremu MO, Ogbo LO, Magaji JI, Odiba IE. 2012. Assessment of heavy metals in water, fish, and sediments from UKE Stream, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Current World Environment 7(2):213-220. doi: 10.12944/CWE.7.2.04.

Osibona A, Kusemiju K, Akande GR. 2006. Proximate Composition and Fatty Acids Profile of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus. Journal of the Life and Physical Sciences 3: 85-89.

Oti-wilberforce JO, Nworie F, Oti-wilberforce RO. 2016. Comparative Assay of Heavy metals in Gills and Muscles of Common Fishes in Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. World Applied Science Journal 34(2): 268-272. doi: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2016.34.2.15657.

Papagiannis I, Kagalou I, Leonardos J, Petridis D, Kalfakaou V. 2004. Copper and zinc in four freshwater fish species from Lake Pamvotis (Greece). Environment International 30(3): 357-362.

doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2003.08.002.

Prapasri P, Kunchit J, Eakkarach K, Kriengkrai V, Yupaporn N, Lalita B. 1999. Proximate composition of raw and cooked Thai freshwater and marine fish. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 12: 9-16. doi: 10.1006/jfca.1998.0800.

Rhea F. 2009. Microbiology handbook: Fish and seafood. Leatherhead Food International Ltd. Surrey, UK.

Ricardo CM, Cyrino JEP, Portz L, Trugo LC. 2002. Effect of dietary lipid level on nutritional performance of the surubim, Pseudoplatystoma coruscans. Aquaculture 209: 209-218.

Sadiku SOE, Oladimeji AA. 1991. Relationship of proximate composition of Lates niloticus (L). Synodontis schall. Research Communications 3(1): 29-40.

Talabi O. 1995. The influence of traditional handling methods on the quality of processed fish in Nigeria. Proceeding of the conference on the handling, processing, and marketing of tropical fish. Tropical Product Institute, London.

Yilmaz AB. 2003. Levels of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb and Zn) in tissues of Mugil cephalus and Trachurus mediterraneus from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. Environmental Research 92(3):277-281.

doi: 10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00082-8.

World Health Organization. 2000. The state of World Fisheries and Aquaculture.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons Licence
Ruhuna Journal of Science by University of Ruhuna is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

eISSN: 2536-8400

Print ISSN: 1800-279X (Before 2014)